Author: Jurist

The Andes
Barrancabermeja

Colombia: state oil company named in war crimes

UN experts welcomed a ruling by Colombia’s Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) relating to Macro-Case 08, recognizing the responsibility of a director of parastatal oil company Ecopetrol and several state agents for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and serious human rights violations. The ruling concerns abuses committed during the armed conflict in and around the refinery city of Barrancabermeja in the late 1990s that saw several people abducted and presumably killed by right-wing paramilitaries. “The JEP’s decision represents a significant step forward for truth, justice and accountability regarding the impacts of corporate activities in conflict-affected contexts,” the experts stated. (Photo: Crystalarts via Wikimedia Commons)

Planet Watch
Air pollution

Centuries of impacts seen from greenhouse emissions

The UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) warned that atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases reached record highs in 2025—another portent of global warming, which increases the frequency of extreme weather events and associated risks to societies and economies. WMO deputy secretary-general Ko Barrett stated: “The past 11 years have been the warmest on record and this trend is set to continue. CO2 has a very long lifetime and so will affect the global climate not just for years but for decades and even centuries.” (Photo: Janak Bhatta via Wikimedia Commons)

Iran
executions

Iran executes five convicted in January protests

Amnesty International stated that Iran’s execution of five individuals in one week was based on unfair trials, and called on the international community to respond. Iranian authorities brought charges including armed rebellion (baghi), waging war against God (moharebeh), and corruption on earth (efsad-e fel arz)—all in connection with this year’s anti-government protests. Several other convicted protesters still await the death penalty. Amnesty reported that Iran accounted for 64% of recorded executions worldwide in 2024, based on its annual global review. Executions increased in 2025, reaching a record 2,159. (Photo: ICHRI)

North Africa
libya

Protest wave of executions in Libya

Human Rights Watch reported that at least 31 people have been executed in Libya after unjust military trials overseen by the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF) since late August. The LAAF, led by Gen. Khalifa Haftar, has been the de facto power in eastern Libya since 2014, taking on many governmental roles. The non-state armed group has sought to rival the internationally recognized Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli. Most of those executed appear to have been charged with offenses related to armed resistance against the LAAF. These are seemingly the first executions in Libya since Qaddafi was overthrown. At least 50 more people in the LAAF’s Gernada military prison have been sentenced to death and are “at imminent risk of execution.” (Map: Perry-Castañeda Library)

Watching the Shadows

US imposes full sanctions on ICC

ICCUS Secretary of State Marco Rubio placed full sanctions on the International Criminal Court (ICC) in response to investigations into potential war crimes committed by the US and Israel. The sanctions permit the federal government to seize ICC assets in the US or controlled by "US persons." The ICC issued a response statement in which it condemned the action and accused the US of undermining international justice. (Photo: Tony Webster via Wikimedia Commons)

Afghanistan

ICC unseals warrants for senior Taliban officials

ICCThe International Criminal Court unsealed four arrest warrants against senior Taliban leaders, accusing them of persecuting women and girls in Afghanistan, acts that the Court's prosecutors say constitute crimes against humanity. The named figures are Taliban Supreme Leader Haibatullah Akhundzada, Chief Justice Abdul Hakim Haqqani, Education Minister Habibullah Agha and Higher Education Minister Neda Mohammad Nadim. (Photo: Tony Webster via Wikimedia Commons)

Africa

Malian forces, Wagner Group accused of war crimes

WagnerAmnesty International condemned the Malian Armed Forces (FAMa) and its partners from the Russian private military company Wagner Group for perpetration of war crimes, including the murder and torture of civilians. Summary executions and massacres appear to have targeted ethnic Fulani men, in what is described as a campaign of ethnic cleansing. A landmark human rights case has been filed before the African Court on Human & Peoples' Rights (ACtHPR) by TRIAL International, the Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) against FAMa and Wagner for their role in repeated atrocities and massacres, most famously that at Moura in March 2022. (Photo via Lansing Indstitute)

North America

Amnesty International calls for abolition of ICE

ICEAmnesty International called for the abolition of US Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE), in a report documenting widespread human rights violations in federal immigration enforcement operations. In its 168-page report, Amnesty investigated ICE activity in Chicago, Minneapolis-St.Paul, New Orleans and Washington DC, concluding that in each city officers relied on racial profiling; arbitrarily arrested individuals based on race, skin color, ethnicity or national origin; used excessive force; engaged in unlawful killings; conducted mass surveillance; held detainees in inhumane conditions; and failed to properly investigate reported violations. The report attributed these practices to systemic, administration-wide conduct and attitudes. (Photo: Chad Davis)

Oceania

Tuvalu welcomes UN Declaration on Sea-Level Rise

TuvaluTuvalu Prime Minister Feleti Teo addressed the United Nations General Assembly, urging decisive global action to mitigate sea-level rise and welcoming the UN's approval of the Declaration on Sea-Level Rise. The landmark agreement formally recognizes the continuity of statehood and the permanence of maritime boundaries established under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), creating a vital legal precedent for climate-vulnerable island nations facing territorial loss. (Image via Pixabay)

South Asia

Pakistan: diversion of Indus waters ‘act of war’

IndusPakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif addressed the United Nations General Assembly regarding the dispute with India over shared waters of the Indus River and the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT). Sharif told the Assembly that any attempt by India to stop, impede or divert Pakistan's share of the Indus River waters "will be treated as an act of war." He further stated that India’s unilateral decision to hold the IWT in "abeyance" following last year's militant attacks in Kashmir had "no legal basis whatsoever." India has already restricted the flow of water for periods through dams on Indus tributaries that are apportioned to Pakistan by the treaty. (Photo: Heartography/Pixabay via Jurist)

Africa

ICC convicts CAR warlord of crimes against humanity

Central African RepublicThe Trial Chamber VI of the International Criminal Court (ICC) found Mahamat Said Abdel Kani guilty of crimes against humanity committed in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2013. Abdel Kani, a former commander of the Séléka militia coalition, was accused of orchestrating widespread attacks against civilians during the conflict in the country—and particularly abuse of detainees at the Office Central de Répression du Banditisme (OCRB), a detention center in the capital, Bangui. He faced charges including imprisonment, torture, prosecution, and other inhumane treatment directed at individuals perceived as supporters of former President François Bozizé. (Map via Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection)

Planet Watch

Planet faces ‘new water reality’: WMO

Himalaya glaciersThe UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) warned that the planet now faces a "new water reality," announcing its latest report assessing the state of global water resources. Growing numbers around the world increasingly experience "abnormal water supplies," especially due to disruption in freshwater resources, including river flows, groundwater and glaciers. (Photo via Nepali Times)