North Africa

Protest wave of executions in Libya

Human Rights Watch reported that at least 31 people have been executed in Libya after unjust military trials overseen by the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF) since late August. The LAAF, led by Gen. Khalifa Haftar, has been the de facto power in eastern Libya since 2014, taking on many governmental roles. The non-state armed group has sought to rival the internationally recognized Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli. Most of those executed appear to have been charged with offenses related to armed resistance against the LAAF. These are seemingly the first executions in Libya since Qaddafi was overthrown. At least 50 more people in the LAAF’s Gernada military prison have been sentenced to death and are “at imminent risk of execution.” (Map: Perry-Castañeda Library)

North Africa

Algeria sends troops to Niger

A surprising outcome of the failed coup against Niger's military junta was the arrival, a day later, of an Algerian air detachment, including four SU-30 fighter jets. The deployment was a clear signal that Algeria is breaking from its non-interventionist stance and wants its troubled southern neighbors in the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)—Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger—to take note. Algeria was not involved in the quashing of the putsch against Gen. Abdourahamane Tchiani. That was down to the presidential guard, backed by Russia's paramilitary force, the Africa Corps. But Algeria does fear state collapse in the Sahel amid Islamist insurgencies that have their roots in its own internal violence of the 1990s. Algeria's new-found interest also coincides with the start of construction on a Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline that will stretch from Nigeria to the Mediterranean coast. (Map: PCL)

North Africa

Libya: roadmap to resolve division of country

Libya's rival governments agreed to hold national elections within the next two years with a view to re-unifying the country. After months of UN-sponsored talks, representatives from the country's eastern and western administrations—known as the 4+4 Committee—signed an pact on terms to restructure the electoral commission and address disputes over the process. However, representatives of Libya's Amazigh (Berber), Tuareg and Tebu (Toubou) communities have issued a declaration stating they have lost confidence in the UN Support Mission in Libya, rejecting the legitimacy of the 4+4 Committee and threatening to boycott any elections held under the current framework. (Map: Perry-Castañeda Library)

North Africa

Demand EU halt migration collaboration with Libya

A group of 31 international human rights organizations called on the EU and its member states to end their cooperation with Libyan authorities on migration control. The groups expressed alarm at plans to strengthen cooperation with the rival authorities in Eastern and Western Libya, which both have a longstanding record of grave rights abuses against refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. (Map: Perry-Castañeda Library)

North Africa

Tunisia: overturn convictions of anti-racism activists

Amnesty International urged Tunisian authorities to "immediately and unconditionally release" anti-racism activist Saadia Mosbah and five of her colleagues, and called on the Tunis appellate court to overturn their convictions. Mosbah and her colleagues are affiliated with the anti-racism and human rights organization Mnemty ("My Dream"), with Mosbah servng as president. In May 2024, Mosbah and several other activists, including her co-defendants, were arrested on charges of money laundering and "illicit enrichment." In March, the Tunis Court of First Instance sentenced Mosbah to eight years in prison, while her colleagues were given terms of between one and three years. Rights organizations call the charges a miscarriage of justice, and assert that the investigative judge presiding in the case failed to provide any conclusive evidence that the activists had engaged in illegal financial activities. (Photo: Huda1977 via Wikimedia Commons)

North Africa

UN rights chief calls on Tunisia to halt repression

UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk urged Tunisian authorities to halt their persecution of civil society organizations, journalists, human rights activists and members of the judiciary, who have been subjected to criminal proceedings in retaliation for their criticisms of government policies and the president's consolidation of executive power. The significant and sustained decline of the human rights situation in the country has ensued since the events of July 2021, when President Kais Saied suspended parliament, dismissed the prime minister, and declared the he would rule by decree. (Image: Grunge Love)

North Africa

Algeria: dissident poet may face execution

UN rights experts urged the Court of Algiers to stop the trial of Mohamed Tadjadit, noting that the reclassified charges the prominent activist now faces are punishable by death. A poet and human rights defender, Tadjadit is associated with the Hirak movement, which first arose in 2019 in opposition to then-president Abdelaziz Bouteflika and has since evolved into a wider call for political change and greater freedoms. The charges concern Tadjadit's participation in the #ManichRadhi (I am not satisfied) campaign, which mobilized social media users to express discontent with the government. Between 2019 and 2024, he had been imprisoned multiple times for participating in peaceful protests and exercising his right to freedom of expression. The UN experts stated that the new charges now being brought appear to be based on the same conduct underlying the earlier offenses, raising concerns that the "reclassification" contravenes the prohibition on double jeopardy. They stated that the Court of Algiers must halt the trial now scheduled to open, and drop all new charges that could expose Tadjadit to the death penalty. (Photo: Amnesty International)

North Africa

Algeria: retrial for Kabylia activists facing execution

Amnesty International pressed for Algerian authorities to ensure that the retrial of 94 people in the violent events of August 2021 in the Kabylie region complies with international human rights safeguards, emphasizing opposition to use of the death penalty and warning against any form of torture. The defendants are charged in the lynching of a man wrongly accused of starting devastating wildfires that ravaged Algeria in 2021. However, Amnesty found that the convictions against several of the accused appear to have been politically motivated, as they were affiliated with the Movement for the Self-determination of Kabylie (MAK), designated as a terrorist organization by authorities. The retrial was ordered by the Supreme Court, which found the convictions had been tainted by irregularities, including evidence coerced through torture. At least 38 defendants may face death sentences. (Map: Kabyle.com)

North Africa

Another mass grave discovered in Libya

The Libyan Attorney General's Office announced the discovery of a mass grave containing the remains of 21 bodies near Benghazi. Investigators have ordered that DNA samples be collected from the remains to identify the deceased and that full autopsies be carried out to determine causes of death. Refugees in Libya, a Libyan-run organization registered in Italy that provides support for refugees, urged the International Criminal Court prosecutor, Karim Khan, to "assess this case within the Court's mandate." The group further implicated EU policies: "The killings…occurred within a system where people are blocked, intercepted, returned, and abandoned in Libya after being denied safe pathways to protection. This demands accountability beyond Libya." (Map: Perry-Castañeda Library)

North Africa

Somaliland and Western Sahara: forbidden symmetry

Israel has become the first country on Earth to recognize the de facto independent Republic of Somaliland, in exchange for a commitment from Somaliland to join the Abraham Accords and recognize Israel. However, not three years ago, Israel joined the US as the only two countries on Earth to recognize Morocco's claim to sovereignty over the disputed territory of Western Sahara—a betrayal of the occupied Sahrawi Arab people who seek an independent state. And of course both these deals constitute a betrayal of the Palestinians. Somaliland and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic should be natural allies, and instead they are being pitted against each other in the Great Power game. Yet another example of how a global divide-and-rule racket is the essence of the state system. In Episode 311 of the CounterVortex podcast, Bill Weinberg breaks it down. (Photo: Horn Diplomat via Wikipedia)

North Africa

Tunisia government ‘suspends’ migrant rights group

The Tunisian government ordered a prominent advocacy organization, the Tunisian Forum for Social & Economic Rights (FTDES), to suspend its activities for one month. The organization has been outspoken in its criticism of President Kais Saied's crackdown on Black African asylum seekers and migrants in the country, and his promotion of racist tropes about migration. The move comes amid a broader repression of civil society. (Image: Pixabay)

North Africa

Italy urged to revoke migration pact with Libya

Human Rights Watch called on Italy to revoke its migration cooperation agreement with Libya, saying the arrangement "has proven to be a framework for violence and suffering, and should be revoked, not renewed." The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the countries, first signed in February 2017, was part of Italy's strategy to tighten border control. Under the agreement, Italy has provided technical, logistical and financial support the Libyan Coast Guard, enabling the force to intercept tens of thousands of people at sea and return them to Libya. However, NGOs have documented how intercepted refugees and asylum seekers are routinely detained in inhumane conditions, where they face torture and other degrading treatment. The MoU is up for renewal next month. (Map: Perry-Castañeda Library)